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RESEARCH Guides - Citation Styles

 

Citation Styles: APA, MLA, IEEE

Here is help provided by ROSA MYSTICA LIBRARY for citation writing. Use this Need help with formatting citations? Use this concise guide to the above styles.

 

Becoming Started: How to use this guide

This Library Research Guide was designed to assist you in citing your sources when writing an academic paper.

Different citation styles and formats help you to cite your reference work for your academic writings like research papers, dissertations, and so on.

IEEE Style for Citations:

Examples of citations for different materials:

Material Type	Works Cited
Book in print	D. Sarunyagate, Ed., Lasers. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996.
Chapter in book	G. O. Young, "Synthetic structure of industrial plastics," in Plastics, 2nd ed., vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15-64.
eBook	L. Bass, P. Clements, and R. Kazman, Software Architecture in Practice, 2nd ed. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 2003. [E-book] Available: Safari e-book.
Journal article	G. Liu, K. Y. Lee, and H. F. Jordan, "TDM and TWDM de Bruijn networks and shufflenets for optical communications," IEEE Trans. Comp., vol. 46, pp. 695-701, June 1997.
eJournal (from database)	H. Ayasso and A. Mohammad-Djafari, "Joint NDT Image Restoration and Segmentation Using Gauss–Markov–Potts Prior Models and Variational Bayesian Computation," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 2265-77, 2010. [Online]. Available: IEEE Xplore, http://www.ieee.org. [Accessed Sept. 10, 2010].
eJournal (from internet)	A. Altun, “Understanding hypertext in the context of reading on the web: Language learners’ experience,” Current Issues in Education, vol. 6, no. 12, July, 2005. [Online serial]. Available: http://cie.ed.asu.edu/volume6/number12/. [Accessed Dec. 2, 2007].
Conference paper	L. Liu and H. Miao, "A specification based approach to testing polymorphic attributes," in Formal Methods and Software Engineering: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods, ICFEM 2004, Seattle, WA, USA, November 8-12, 2004, J. Davies, W. Schulte, M. Barnett, Eds. Berlin: Springer, 2004. pp. 306-19.
Conference proceedings	T. J. van Weert and R. K. Munro, Eds., Informatics and the Digital Society: Social, ethical and cognitive issues: IFIP TC3/WG3.1&3.2 Open Conference on Social, Ethical and Cognitive Issues of Informatics and ICT, July 22-26, 2002, Dortmund, Germany. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 2003.
Newspaper article (from database)	J. Riley, "Call for new look at skilled migrants," The Australian, p. 35, May 31, 2005. [Online]. Available: Factiva, http://global.factiva.com. [Accessed May 31, 2005].
Technical report	K. E. Elliott and C.M. Greene, "A local adaptive protocol," Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, France, Tech. Rep. 916-1010-BB, 1997.
Patent	J. P. Wilkinson, “Nonlinear resonant circuit devices,” U.S. Patent 3 624 125, Jul. 16, 1990.
Standard	IEEE Criteria for Class IE Electric Systems, IEEE Standard 308, 1969.
Thesis/Dissertation	J. O. Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA, 1993.

 

Courtesy: https://pitt.libguides.com/citationhelp/ieee

 APA 7th Citation Examples

Material Type	In-text Citation	Bibliography
A book	(Sapolsky, 2017)	Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst. Penguin Books.
Chapter in an edited book (If the chapter is from an authored book, use the book citation)	(Dillard, 2020)	Dillard, J. P. (2020). Currents in the study of persuasion. In M. B. Oliver, A. A. Raney, & J. Bryant (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (4th ed., pp. 115–129). Routledge.
An article in a print journal	(Weinstein, 2009)	Weinstein, J. (2009). “The market in Plato’s Republic.” Classical Philology, 104(4), 439-458.
An article in an electronic journal	(Grady et al., 2019)	Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185
A website	(Bologna, 2019)	Bologna, C. (2019, October 31). Why some people with anxiety love watching horror movies. HuffPost. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/anxiety-love-watching-horror-movies_l_5d277587e4b02a5a5d57b59e

 

Courtesy: https://pitt.libguides.com/citationhelp/apa7

 

Examples of MLA Style

In-text Citation

Material Type	In-text Citation
Author's name in text	Magny develops this argument (67-69).
Author's name in reference	This argument has been developed elsewhere (Magny 67-69).
Two authors' names in reference	The most notorious foreign lobby in Washington is the "Sugar Mafia" (Howe and Trott 134).
Quotation found in indirect or "secondhand" source	The philosopher Alain states that "admiration is not pleasure but a kind of attention. . ." (qtd. in Magny 66).

 

Material Type	Works Cited
Book in print	Card, Claudia. The Atrocity Paradigm: A Theory of Evil. Oxford UP, 2005.
eBook	Gaither, Milton. Homeschool: An American History. Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. SpringerLink, doi-org.pitt.idm.oclc.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95056-0.
An article in a print journal	Doggart, Julia. "Minding the Gap: Realizing Our Ideal Community Writing Assistance Program." The Community Literacy Journal, vol. 2, no. 1, 2007, pp. 71-80.
An article in an electronic journal	Sherrard-Johnson, Cherene. "'A Plea for Color': Nella Larsen's Iconography of the Mulatta." American Literature, vol. 76, no. 4, 2004, pp. 833-869, doi:10.1215/00029831-76-4-833.
A encyclopedia entry	“Patanjali.” Benét’s Reader’s Encyclopedia, edited by Bruce Murphy, 4th ed., HarperCollins Publishers, 1996, p. 782.
A government publication	United States, Federal Maritime Commission. Hawaiian Trade Study: An Economic Analysis. Government Printing Office, 1978.
An interview you conducted	Brandt, Deborah. Personal interview. 28 May 2008. (Note: List the interview under the name of the interviewee)
A film/DVD	Note: This depends on the focus of your work. Please see the MLA Style blog for a  detailed explanation.
A Page on a Website with no author	"Stunning Lakeside View on Lake Erie." VisitPA, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 7 June 2018, www.visitpa.com/article/stunning-lakeside-views-lake-erie.
A Page on a Website with an author	Del Castillo, Inigo. "How Not to Kill Your Houseplants, According to Botanists." Apartment Therapy, 29 Jan. 2020, www.apartmenttherapy.com/houseplant-tips-botanists-36710191.
Artwork - from website	Sherald, Amy. Former First Lady, Michelle Obama. 2018. National Portrait Gallery, npg.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.2018.15.
Citing AI and ChatGPT	“Describe the symbolism of the green light in the book The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald” prompt. ChatGPT, 13 Feb. version, OpenAI, 8 Mar. 2023, chat.openai.com/chat.
Citing Creative Visual Works	Fig. 1. “Pointillist painting of a sheep in a sunny field of blue flowers” prompt, DALL-E, version 2, OpenAI, 8 Mar. 2023, labs.openai.com/.
Quoting Creative Textual Works	The Sunflower” villanelle about a sunflower. ChatGPT, 13 Feb. version, OpenAI, 8 Mar. 2023, chat.openai.com/chat.

 

Courtesy: https://pitt.libguides.com/citationhelp/overview